What is meant by headward erosion?

Headward erosion refers specifically to the process by which a stream or river increases in length in an upstream direction. This phenomenon occurs when water flowing over the landscape erodes the soil and rock at the source of the stream, gradually cutting into the land and effectively “heading” upstream.

As this erosion takes place, it creates a more extensive drainage network and can ultimately lead to the capture of adjacent streams, reshaping the landscape over time. This process is significant in the development of features such as gullies and canyons, highlighting the dynamic nature of river systems and their ability to change course and expand.

In contrast, sediment deposition would imply the accumulation of materials rather than the lengthening of a stream channel. The deepening of river channels refers to vertical changes in the riverbed rather than an increase in length. Widening of stream banks pertains to lateral changes rather than upstream progression. Thus, the focus on lengthening stream channels upstream distinctly captures the essence of headward erosion.