What is meant by the term 'gradient' in the context of a river?

The term 'gradient' in the context of a river refers specifically to the drop in elevation over the distance that the river flows. It is a measure of how steeply the river descends as it travels from its source to its mouth. A steeper gradient indicates a more rapid decline in elevation over a short distance, which often leads to faster flowing water, increased erosion potential, and a more turbulent river environment.

In contrast, a gentle gradient results in slower water flow, which can lead to sediment deposition and the formation of features like meanders and floodplains. Understanding the gradient is crucial for analyzing river characteristics, behavior, and the overall geomorphology of the landscape through which the river is flowing.