What is one effect of both reverse faults and thrust faults?

Reverse faults and thrust faults are both types of faults characterized by the movement of geological blocks in a way that shortens the Earth's crust. This occurs due to compressional forces, which push the blocks together. As a result, older rock layers can be thrust over younger layers, especially in the case of thrust faults, where the angle of the fault is typically low. This process can lead to complex geological structures where the stratigraphy is inverted, showcasing intricate relationships between different rock units.

The shortening of the crust due to these fault types is crucial in many tectonic settings, particularly in mountain-building regions (or orogenic belts), where significant uplift and deformation occur. This phenomenon not only illustrates the dynamic nature of such geological processes but also helps geologists understand Earth's history and the formation of various rock layers. Thus, the correct choice highlights the fundamental geological processes associated with these types of faults.