Which of the following is true about the relationship between fault breccia and fault gouge?

The accurate statement points out that fault breccia is composed of larger rock fragments, whereas fault gouge consists of finely crushed, powdered rock. This distinction is significant as it highlights the different formation processes and characteristics of these materials related to faulting.

Fault breccia typically forms in the early stages of faulting when blocks of rock are broken apart but still retain some larger fragments that are angular in shape. This indicates that the fault has actively moved, causing fracturing without completely grinding down the rocks. In contrast, fault gouge forms from more intense grinding and crushing due to movement along the fault, leading to a finer, more homogeneous powdery material.

Thus, understanding the characteristics of fault breccia and fault gouge provides insight into the geological processes at work during faulting and the mechanical behavior of rocks under stress. This differentiation is crucial for geologists studying fault zones and interpreting the history of tectonic activity.